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Two directions, both common: add tax to a sticker price to see what you'll actually pay, or start from a tax-inclusive total and recover the pre-tax price — the expense-report question. The reverse direction divides by (1 + rate) rather than subtracting the percentage, which is the part everyone gets wrong by hand.
Frequently asked questions
How do I remove tax from a total correctly?
Divide by 1 plus the rate: a $110 receipt at 10% is 110 ÷ 1.10 = $100 pre-tax. Subtracting 10% from $110 gives $99 — wrong, because the 10% was charged on the smaller pre-tax number, not on the total.
Why doesn't the calculator know my tax rate?
US sales tax stacks state, county and city rates — thousands of combinations that change yearly (8.875% in NYC, 0% in Oregon). Your receipt or your state's revenue site has the authoritative figure; enter it and the math is handled.
Does this work for VAT and GST?
Yes — the arithmetic is identical, only the name differs. The reverse mode is especially useful in VAT countries where shelf prices include the tax.